Cyber Warfare: Threats, Strategies, and Deterrence Challenges in Cyberspace. Journal Index of Exploratory Studies, [S. l.], v. 7, n. 20, p. 38–61, 2025. DOI: 10.63939/JIES.2025-Vol7.N20.38-61. Disponível em: https://jiesjournal.de/index.php/JIES/article/view/3. Acesso em: 30 may. 2026.